1556
การใช้การร้อยละในการจัดสัดส่วนตามภูมิภาคตามความเป็นจริง ในสิ่งที่เรียกว่าความถนัดเฉพาะนางสาวชัญญานุช สวัสดี09021996ชื่อเล่นป๊อปอายุ28ปี
Events[edit]
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October–December[edit]
- October 7 – The Battle of Delhi is fought in India, at Tughlaqabad) near Delhi between forces of the Sur Empire (ruled by Muhammad Adil Shah) and the Mughal Empire (ruled by Akbar the Great). General Hemchandra Vikramaditya (Hemu) of the Suris overwhelms the forces commanded by the Mughal Governor of Delhi, Tardi Beg Khan within one day.[1]
- November 5 – Second Battle of Panipat: Fifty miles north of Delhi, a Mughal army defeats the forces of Hemu and recaptures Delhi for the Mughal Empire, guaranteeing Akbar's rule.[2][3]
- November 10 – The English ship Edward Bonadventure, commanded by Richard Chancellor is wrecked on the coast of Scotland at Pitsligo, killing most of its crew, including Chancellor. The few survivors include the first Russian ambassador to England, Osip Nepeya.[4]
- November 17 – In the Holy Roman Empire, the Steter Kriegsrat is founded as a War Council with five generals and five civil servants to advise the Habsburg rulers.[5]
- December 7 – The Mughal Emperor Akbar personally travels with Bairam Khan to lead an invasion force to defeat the Sultan of the Sur Empire, Sikandar Shah Suri.[6]
- December 27 – Péter Erdődy is appointed as the Ottoman Viceroy of Croatia after the death on September 7 of Nikola IV Zrinski.
- December 31 – All military authorities in the Holy Roman Empire are ordered to submit to the decisions of the Imperial War Council.
Date unknown[edit]
- The kings of Spain take control of the Flanders region, including what is now the French département of Nord.[7]
- The Plantations of Ireland are started in King's County (now County Offaly) and Queen's County (now County Laois), the earliest attempt at systematic ethnic cleansing in Ireland, by the Roman Catholic ruler Queen Mary I of England.
- Future King Prince John, younger son of King Gustav I of Sweden becomes Duke of Finland.[8]
- Ivan the Terrible conquers Astrakhan, opening the Volga River to Russian traffic and trade.
- The Welser banking families of Augsburg lose colonial control of Venezuela.[9]
- The false Martin Guerre appears in the French village of Artigat.[10]
- The first printing press in India is introduced by Jesuits, at Saint Paul's College, Goa.[11]
Births[edit]
- January 8 – Uesugi Kagekatsu, Japanese samurai and warlord (d. 1623)
- January 24 – Christian Barnekow, Danish noble, explorer and diplomat (d. 1612)[12]
- February 4 – Dorothea of Hanau-Münzenberg, German noblewoman (d. 1638)
- February 7 – Countess Maria of Nassau (d. 1616)[13]
- February 16 – Tōdō Takatora, Japanese daimyō (d. 1630)[14]
- February 21 – Sethus Calvisius, German calendar reformer (d. 1615)[15]
- March 7 – Guillaume du Vair, French statesman and philosopher (d. 1621)[16]
- March 13 – Dirck van Os, Dutch merchant (d. 1615)
- April 8 – David Hoeschel, German librarian (d. 1617)[17]
- April 9 – Andreas von Auersperg, Carniolan noble and military commander in the battle of Sisak (d. 1593)
- April 27 – François Béroalde de Verville, French writer (d. 1626)[18]
- May 31 – Jerzy Radziwiłł, Polish Catholic cardinal (d. 1600)[19]
- June 6 – Edward la Zouche, 11th Baron Zouche, English politician and diplomat (d. 1625)[20]
- June 13 – Pomponio Nenna, Italian composer (d. 1608)[21]
- June 24
- Victoria of Valois, French princess (d. 1556)
- Joan of Valois, French princess (d. 1556)
- July 9 – Elizabeth Finch, 1st Countess of Winchilsea, English countess (d. 1634)[22]
- July 22 – Otto Henry, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (d. 1604)[23]
- July 26 – James Melville, Scottish divine and reformer (d. 1614)[24]
- August 10 – Philipp Nicolai, German Lutheran pastor (d. 1608)[25]
- August 16 – Bartolomeo Cesi, Italian painter (d. 1629)[26]
- September 21 – William Harris, English knight (d. 1616)
- October 18
- Charles I, Duke of Elbeuf, French duke and nobleman (d. 1605)[27]
- John Dormer, English Member of Parliament (d. 1626)[28]
- October 24 – Giovanni Battista Caccini, Italian artist (d. 1613)[29]
- October 26 – Ahmad Baba al Massufi, Malian academic (d. 1627)[30]
- November 25 – Jacques Davy Duperron, French cardinal (d. 1618)[31]
- November 28 – Francesco Contarini, Doge of Venice (d. 1624)[32]
- December 5 – Anne Cecil, Countess of Oxford, English countess (d. 1588)[33]
- December 17 – Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana, Indian composer (d. 1627)[34]
- December 27 – Jeanne de Lestonnac, French saint (d. 1640)
- date unknown
- Margaret Clitherow, English Catholic martyr (d. 1586)[35]
- Ahmad Baba al Massufi, Sudanese writer and political leader (d. 1627)[36]
- Alexander Briant, English Jesuit martyr (d. 1581)[37]
Deaths[edit]
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- January 8 – Anne Shelton, English courtier, elder sister of Thomas Boleyn (b. 1475)[38]
- January 27 – Humayun, 2nd Mughal Emperor (b. 1508)[39]
- February 12 – Giovanni Poggio, Italian cardinal and diplomat (b. 1493)[40]
- February 26 – Frederick II, Elector Palatine (1544–1556) (b. 1482)[41]
- March 21 – Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury (burned at the stake) (b. 1489)[42]
- April 18
- April 26 – Valentin Friedland, German scholar and educationist of the Reformation (b. 1490)[45]
- May 4 – Luca Ghini, Italian physician and botanist (b. 1490)[46]
- May 28 – Saitō Dōsan, Japanese warlord (b. 1494)
- June 10 – Martin Agricola, German composer (b. 1486)[47]
- June 24 – Joan of Valois, French princess (b. 1556)[48]
- July 31 – Ignatius of Loyola, Spanish founder of the Jesuit order and saint (b. 1491)[49]
- August 1 – Girolamo da Carpi, Italian painter (b. 1501)[50]
- August 11 – John Bell, Bishop of Worcester[51]
- August 17 – Victoria of Valois, French princess (b. 1556)
- September – Patrick Hepburn, 3rd Earl of Bothwell, Scottish traitor (b. 1512)[52]
- October 7 – Frederick of Denmark, Prince-bishop (b. 1532)[53]
- October 21 – Pietro Aretino, Italian author (b. 1492)[54]
- November 10 – Richard Chancellor, English Arctic explorer (drowned at sea) (b. c. 1521)[55]
- November 14 – Giovanni della Casa, Italian poet (b. 1503)[56]
- date unknown
- probable
- Brian mac Cathaoir O Conchobhair Failghe, last of the Kings of Ui Failghe
- Jacob Clemens non Papa, Flemish composer (b. 1510)[59]
References[edit]
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- ^ Bhardwaj, Kanwal Kishore (2000). Hemu: Napoleon of Medieval India. Mittal Publications. pp. 35–38. ISBN 978-81-7099-663-7. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ Mubārak, Abū al-Faz̤l ibn (1902). The Akbar Nama of Abu-l-Fazl. Low Price Publications. pp. 60–62. ISBN 978-81-7536-295-6. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ McDermott, James (2004). "Chancellor, Richard (d. 1556)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5099. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Holmes, Richard, ed. (2001). The Oxford companion to military history. p. 411.
- ^ Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2007). The Mughul Empire, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, ISBN 81-7276-407-1, pp.106-7
- ^ Diccionario Enciclopedico Hispano-Americano (in Spanish). London: W.M. Jackson. 1887. p. 578. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ The Aaland Islands Question: Report Submitted to the Council (in French). League of Nations Commission of Rapporteurs on the Åland Islands Question. 1921. p. 8. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ Denzer, Jörg (2005). Die Konquista der Augsburger Welser-Gesellschaft in Südamerika (1528-1556): historische Rekonstruktion, Historiografie und lokale Erinnerungskultur in Kolumbien und Venezuela (in German). C.H.Beck. p. 190. ISBN 978-3-406-53484-3. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ Castaño, Emilio José Álvarez (21 December 2020). "Le retour de Martin Guerre: de la impostura a la metahistoria". FILMHISTORIA Online (in Spanish). 30 (2): 99–108. ISSN 2014-668X. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ Saradesāya, Manohararāya (2000). A History of Konkani Literature: From 1500 to 1992. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 15–16. ISBN 978-81-7201-664-7. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ Bohlen-Bohlendorf, Julius von (1850). Der Bischofs-Roggen und die Güter des Bisthums Roeskild (in German). Löffler. p. 24. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ Beets, Nicolaas; Bond, Nederlandsche Militaire (1899). Onder Neerlands vlag: album ter herdenking van het vijf en twintig jarig bestaan van den Nederlandschen militairen bond : 1874-1899 (in Dutch). Van Holkema & Warendorf. p. 11. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
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- ^ Sittard, Josef (1881). Compendium der Geschichte der Kirchenmusik mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des kirchlichen Gesanges: von Ambrosius zur Neuzeit (in German). Levy & Müller. p. 201. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
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- ^ Back, Friedrich (1873). Die evangelische Kirche im Lande zwischen Rhein, Mosel, Nahe und Glan bis zum Beginn des 30jährigen Krieges: ¬Theil ¬II, ¬Die Reformation der Kirche sowie der Kirche Schicksale und Gestaltung bis zum Jahre 1620 ; Abth. 1 (in German). Marcus. p. 10. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ Stephen, Leslie (1922). The Dictionary of National Biography, Founded in 1882 by George Smith. H. Milford. p. 241. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
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- ^ Crespi, Luigi (1793). La Certosa di Bologna descritta nelle sue pitture (in Italian). A san Tommaso d'Aquino. p. 45. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ Moreau, Jean (1836). Histoire de ce qui s'est passé en Bretagne (in French). Brest. p. 25. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ "DORMER, Sir John (1556-1627), of Dorton and Long Crendon, Bucks". www.historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ Pope-Hennessy, Sir John Wyndham (1986). Italian High Renaissance and Baroque Sculpture. Phaidon. p. 261. ISBN 978-0-7148-2417-8. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Gates Jr, Henry Louis (2 February 2012). Dictionary of African Biography. OUP USA. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of June 9, 1604". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ Rendina, Claudio (1984). I dogi: storia e segreti (in Italian). Newton Compton. p. 350. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
- ^ Nelson, Alan H. (1 August 2003). Monstrous Adversary: The Life of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford. Liverpool University Press. p. 309. ISBN 978-1-78138-772-6. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
- ^ Miller, Barbara Stoler (1992). The Powers of Art: Patronage in Indian Culture. Oxford University Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-19-562842-5. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
- ^ Brown, George H. (1966). "A New Manuscript of Mush's Life of Margaret Clitherow". Journal for Manuscript Research. 10 (2): 103–106. doi:10.1484/J.MSS.3.464. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
- ^ International Bulletin. Africa Institute of South Africa. 1973. p. 396. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
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- ^ "Shelton family". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/70835. Retrieved 13 October 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Syed, Muzaffar H. (20 February 2022). History of Indian Nation : Medieval India. K. K. Publications. p. 116. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of November 20, 1551". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ^ Neues Archiv für die Geschichte der Stadt Heidelberg und der rheinischen Pfalz (in German). G. Koester. 1890. p. 97. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
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- ^ Don Michael Randel (30 October 2002). The Harvard Concise Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Harvard University Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-674-25572-2.
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