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1640s

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The 1640s decade ran from January 1, 1640, to December 31, 1649.

Events

1640

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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1641

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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  • October 2 – Scottish politician John Campbell takes office as Lord Chancellor of Scotland and is given the title of the Earl of Loudoun by Charles I in his capacity as King of Scotland.
  • October 23Irish Rebellion of 1641 breaks out: Irish Catholic gentry, chiefly in Ulster, revolt against the English administration and Scottish settlers in Ireland.
  • October 24 – The Irish rebel Sir Felim O'Neill of Kinard issues the Proclamation of Dungannon.
  • November 4Battle of Cape St Vincent: A Dutch fleet, with Michiel de Ruyter as third in command, beats back a Spanish-Dunkirker fleet off the coast of Portugal.
  • November 22 – By a vote of 159 to 148, the Long Parliament of England passes the Grand Remonstrance, with 204 specific objections to King Charles I's absolutist tendencies, and calling for the King to expel all Anglican bishops from the House of Lords.
  • December 1 – The English Parliament presents the Grand Remonstrance to King Charles, who makes no response to it until Parliament has the document published and released to the general public.
  • December 7 – The bill for the Militia Ordinance is introduced by Arthur Haselrig, an anti-monarchist member of the House of Commons, proposing for the first time to allow Parliament to appoint its own military commanders without royal approval. King Charles, concerned that the legislation would allow parliament to create its own army, orders Haselrig arrested for treason. Parliament passes the Militia Ordinance on March 15.
  • December 16Pope Urban VIII announces the creation of 12 new cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church.
  • December 23 – King Charles replies to the Grand Remonstrance and refuses the demand for the removal of bishops from the House of Lords. Rioting breaks out in Westminster after the King's refusal is announced, and the 12 Anglican bishops stop attending meetings of the Lords.
  • December 27 – According to a journalist who witnesses the events, John Rushworth, the term "roundhead" is first used to describe supporters of the English Parliament who have challenged the authority of the monarchy. Rushworth writes later that during a riot on the 27th, one of the rioters, David Hide, draws his sword and, describing the short haircuts of the anti-monarchists, says that he would "cut the throat of those round-headed dogs that bawled against bishops."
  • December 30 – At the request of King Charles, John Williams, the Anglican Archbishop of York joins with 11 other bishops in disputing the legality of any legislation passed by the House of Lords during the time that the bishops were excluded. The House of Commons passes a resolution to have the 12 bishops arrested. King Charles, in turn, issues an order on January 3 to have five members of the House of Commons arrested for treason.

Date unknown

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1642

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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1643

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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1644

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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1645

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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1646

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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1647

January–March

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April–June

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  • April 3 – In England, a letter from the Agitators of the New Model Army, protesting delay of pay, is read in the House of Commons.
  • May 13 – The 1647 Santiago earthquake rattles Chile.
  • May 24 – The Marquis of Argyll and David Leslie join forces to defeat Alasdair MacColla, at Rhunahoarine Point in Kintyre. MacColla flees to Ireland; his followers are massacred.[64]
  • June 6Michael Jones, named Governor of Dublin by England's Parliamentarians, lands with 2,000 troops and begins the expulsion of Catholics and the arrest of Protestant royalists.
  • June 8 – The Puritan rulers of England's Long Parliament pass the "Ordinance for abolishing all Holidays, and appointing other Days for Sports and Recreations for Scholars, Apprentices, and Servants, in their Room", confirming abolition of the feasts of Christmas, Easter and Whitsun, though making the second Tuesday in each month a secular holiday. The Act declares "Forasmuch as the Feasts of the Nativity of Christ, Easter, and Whitsuntide, and other Festivals, commonly called Holidays, have heretofore been superstitiously used and observed; be it ordained, That the said Feasts and Festivals be no loner observed within England and Wales." [65][66]
  • June 10 – The Battle of Puerto de Cavite begins in the Spanish Philippines when an armada of 12 large warships from the Dutch Republic sails into Manila Bay, with cannon fire hitting many of the roofs of the city. The Spanish defending fleet drives off the Dutch after a two day battle.
  • June 16Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans, is crowned as the King of Hungary and Croatia at Pressburg, now the Slovakian capital of Bratislava
  • June 19 – The Duke of Ormond, the royalist governor of Dublin, concludes a treaty with the English Commonwealth's Earl of Anglesey, handing over control of Dublin to the Commonwealth in return for the English promise to protect the interests of royalists, both Protestant and Roman Catholic, who had not joined in the Irish Rebellion.
  • June 25 – The "Remonstrance of The Army" is presented to the English parliament by former Royal Army supporters of King Charles I, pledging their loyalty to the new English Commonwealth.

July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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1648

The Holy Roman Empire in 1648

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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1649

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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  • October 11 – The Sack of Wexford in Ireland ends after having started on October 2, with Cromwell's New Model Army breaking through, killing more than 1,500 Irish Catholic defenders and civilians, while losing only 20 of the English soldiers. The capture of Wexford ends the remaining chance that Charles II, heir to the English throne, can land troops in Ireland, and Charles and the royalist fleet flee to Portugal.
  • November 24 – The first phase of the Siege of Waterford begins as Cromwell's New Model Army attempts to take on the strategically-located Irish city's defenders with his own exhausted army. Cromwell is forced to call off the siege after eight days and his army retreats to its winter quarters at Dungarvan on December 2.
  • December 6 – The Scottish defenders of Ireland are defeated by Cromwell's forces in the Battle of Lisnagarvey in County Antrim, with 1,500 Scots killed or captured, and New Model Army battalion of Colonel Robert Venables suffering minimal losses. The battle ends the Scottish presence in Ireland and settlers are expelled from the island in the days that follow.
  • December 20 – The Puritan law enforcers of the Commonwealth of England raid the Red Bull Theatre in London for violations of the laws against performance of plays and arrest the actors, as well as confiscating their property.
  • December 30 – Chinese General Geng Zhongming, having reported to the Qing dynasty commanders to face charges of harboring runaway slaves during his fight against the Southern Ming dynasty troops, commits suicide while waiting for a verdict in his court-martial. (1943). [93] His son, Geng Jimao, continues to fight against the Southern Ming.

Undated

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Births

1640

Philippe de La Hire
Bernard Lamy
Pieter Cornelisz van Slingelandt
George Hooper

1641

Robert Sibbald
Regnier de Graaf
Henri Arnaud
Empress Xiaohuizhang

1642

Mehmed IV
Angelo Paoli
Isaac Newton

1643

Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado
Louis Moréri
Gilbert Burnet
Bahadur Shah I
René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle

1644

Thomas Britton
Veit Hans Schnorr von Carolsfeld
Otto Mencke
Henry Winstanley
Henrietta of England

1645

Michael Wening
Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora
Chikka Devaraja
Thomas Pereira
Nicolas Lemery

1646

Christian V of Denmark
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
John Flamsteed

1647

Philipp Reinhard Vitriarius
John de Brito
Matthijs Naiveu
Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark
Joseph Dudley

1648

Jeanne Guyon
Caspar Neumann
Tommaso Ceva

1649 * January 12Jacques Carrey, French painter (d. 1726)

Chhatrasal
Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth
Samuel Carpenter

Deaths

1640

Philip Massinger
Peter Paul Rubens

1641

Anthony van Dyck
Francis van Aarssens

1642

Galileo Galilei
Cardinal Richelieu

1643

Hong Taiji
Claudio Monteverdi

1644

Pope Urban VIII
Johannes Wtenbogaert

1645

Venerable Mary Ward
Saint Mariana de Jesús de Paredes
Miyamoto Musashi
Tsar Michael I of Russia
Hugo Grotius
Saint John Macias
Philip Dietrich, Count of Waldeck

1646

Stanisław Koniecpolski
Erycius Puteanus

1647

P.C. Hooft
Nicholas Stone

1648

Christian IV of Denmark
Władysław IV Vasa

1649

Charles I of England died 30 January
Jean de Brébeuf died 16 March
Dodo, Prince Yu died 29 April
Maria Tesselschade Visscher died 20 June
Simon Vouet died 30 June
Vittoria Farnese d'Este died 10 August
Robert Heath died 30 August

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