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Portal:Ukraine

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The Ukraine Portal - Портал України

Ukraine
Україна (Ukrainian)
ISO 3166 codeUA

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which borders it to the east and northeast. It also borders Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; and Romania and Moldova to the southwest; with a coastline along the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. Kyiv is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Kharkiv, Dnipro, and Odesa. Ukraine's official language is Ukrainian; Russian is also widely spoken, especially in the east and south.

During the Middle Ages, Ukraine was the site of early Slavic expansion and the area later became a key centre of East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century. The state eventually disintegrated into rival regional powers and was ultimately destroyed by the Mongol invasions of the 13th century. The area was then contested, divided, and ruled by a variety of external powers for the next 600 years, including the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austrian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Tsardom of Russia. The Cossack Hetmanate emerged in central Ukraine in the 17th century, but was partitioned between Russia and Poland, and ultimately absorbed by the Russian Empire. Ukrainian nationalism developed and, following the Russian Revolution in 1917, the short-lived Ukrainian People's Republic was formed. The Bolsheviks consolidated control over much of the former empire and established the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union when it was formed in 1922. In the early 1930s, millions of Ukrainians died in the Holodomor, a human-made famine. The German occupation during World War II in Ukraine was devastating, with 7 million Ukrainian civilians killed, including most Ukrainian Jews.

Ukraine gained independence in 1991 as the Soviet Union dissolved, and declared itself neutral. A new constitution was adopted in 1996. A series of mass demonstrations, known as the Euromaidan, led to the establishment of a new government in 2014 after a revolution. Russia then unilaterally annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula, and pro-Russian unrest culminated in a war in the Donbas between Russian-backed separatists and government forces in eastern Ukraine. Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Since the outbreak of war with Russia, Ukraine has continued to seek closer ties with the United States, European Union, and NATO.

Ukraine is a unitary state and its system of government is a semi-presidential republic. A developing country, it is the poorest country in Europe by nominal GDP per capita and corruption remains a significant issue. However, due to its extensive fertile land, pre-war Ukraine was one of the largest grain exporters in the world. Nonetheless, Ukraine is a major middle power and possesses the fifth largest and one of the best-funded armed forces in the world. The Ukrainian Armed Forces also operates one of the largest and most diverse drone fleet in the world. It is a founding member of the United Nations, as well as a member of the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization, and the OSCE. It is in the process of joining the European Union and has applied to join NATO. (Full article...)

In the news

30 July 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Eastern Ukraine campaign
Russia's defense ministry says that its forces have taken control of the settlement of Pivdenne in the Donetsk region, Ukraine. (Reuters)
29 July 2024 – Mali War
The Main Directorate of Intelligence of Ukraine claims that it provided assistance to the Tuareg rebels in their battle against Wagner Group mercenaries in Mali. (The Guardian)
29 July 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Eastern Ukraine campaign
Ukrainian army sergeant Oleh Chaus reports that the Russian army captured the eastern Donetsk villages of Prohres and Vovche, citing insufficient weapon supplies, deficient training, and decreased motivation as causes of the setback. (AP)
27 July 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia
Hackers from the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine escalate "massive" cyberattacks on Russia's largest banks, prohibiting any cash or credit transactions. Cyberattacks also target Russian public transport systems, internet and mobile providers, and social networks. (Kyiv Post)
Russian forces capture the village of Lozovatske in Donetsk Oblast. (Anadolu Agency)
26 July 2024 – European Union–Russia relations, International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine
The European Union sends its first transfer of 1.5 billion (US$1.63 billion) in proceeds from frozen Russian assets to Ukraine for military and infrastructure support. The Kremlin denounces the transfer as "illegal" under international law and pledges legal retaliation. (AP) (Reuters)
25 July 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
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The history of Christianity in Ukraine dates back to the earliest centuries of the history of Christianity, to the Apostolic Age, with mission trips along the Black Sea and a legend of Andrew the Apostle even ascending the hills of Kiev. The first Christian community on territory of modern Ukraine is documented as early as the 9th century with the establishment of the Metropolitanate of Gothia, which was centered in the Crimean peninsula. However, on territory of the Old Rus in Kiev, Christianity became the dominant religion since its official acceptance in 989 by Vladimir the Great (Volodymyr the Great), who brought it from Byzantine Crimea and installed it as the state religion of medieval Kievan Rus (Ruthenia), with the metropolitan see in Kiev.

Although separated into various Christian denominations, most Ukrainian Christians share a common faith based on Eastern Christianity. This tradition is represented in Ukraine by the Byzantine Rite, the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches, which have been at various historic times closely aligned with Ukrainian national self-identity and Byzantine culture. (Full article...)
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In the news

30 July 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Eastern Ukraine campaign
Russia's defense ministry says that its forces have taken control of the settlement of Pivdenne in the Donetsk region, Ukraine. (Reuters)
29 July 2024 – Mali War
The Main Directorate of Intelligence of Ukraine claims that it provided assistance to the Tuareg rebels in their battle against Wagner Group mercenaries in Mali. (The Guardian)
29 July 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Eastern Ukraine campaign
Ukrainian army sergeant Oleh Chaus reports that the Russian army captured the eastern Donetsk villages of Prohres and Vovche, citing insufficient weapon supplies, deficient training, and decreased motivation as causes of the setback. (AP)
27 July 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia
Hackers from the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine escalate "massive" cyberattacks on Russia's largest banks, prohibiting any cash or credit transactions. Cyberattacks also target Russian public transport systems, internet and mobile providers, and social networks. (Kyiv Post)
Russian forces capture the village of Lozovatske in Donetsk Oblast. (Anadolu Agency)
26 July 2024 – European Union–Russia relations, International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine
The European Union sends its first transfer of 1.5 billion (US$1.63 billion) in proceeds from frozen Russian assets to Ukraine for military and infrastructure support. The Kremlin denounces the transfer as "illegal" under international law and pledges legal retaliation. (AP) (Reuters)
25 July 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine

Selected anniversaries for July

A 1943 Soviet stamp commemorating Lyudmila Pavlichenko.
A 1943 Soviet stamp commemorating Lyudmila Pavlichenko.

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