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Rubeus Hagrid

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Rubeus Hagrid
Harry Potter character
Robbie Coltrane as Hagrid [a]
First appearanceHarry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (1997)
Last appearanceHarry Potter and the Cursed Child (2016)
Created byJ. K. Rowling
Portrayed by
In-universe information
SpeciesHalf-giant
Family
  • Fridwulfa (mother)
  • Grawp (half-brother)
NationalityBritish
HouseGryffindor
Born6 December 1928

Rubeus Hagrid (/ˈhæɡrɪd/) is a fictional character in the Harry Potter series of novels by J. K. Rowling. He was introduced in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) as a half-giant who is the gamekeeper and groundskeeper at the wizarding school Hogwarts. He eventually becomes the Care of Magical Creatures professor and is later revealed to be a member of the Order of the Phoenix. Hagrid is portrayed by Robbie Coltrane in all eight Harry Potter films.

Character development

Hagrid was one of the first characters Rowling created.[1] She has explained the source of his name as "another old English word, meaning – if you were hagrid – it’s a dialect word – you’d had a bad night. Hagrid is a big drinker – he has a lot of bad nights."[2] His first name, Rubeus, was named after red in Latin to reflect alchemy and his paternal contrast to Albus Dumbledore: his "passion" to Dumbledore's "asceticism".[3] In her article "Harry’s Fame", Rosemary Goring notes the Forest of Dean is an influence on Rowling’s work, and Hagrid is the only character that is "directly drawn from the Forest of Dean". According to Goring, Hagrid’s "dropped word-endings are a Chepstow speciality." She also claims that Hagrid is physically "modeled on the Welsh chapter of Hells Angels who’d swoop down on the town and hog the bar, 'huge mountains of leather and hair".[4]

The character of Hagrid and conversations between him, Harry Potter, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger in his hut are expository through the series, due to the fact that the trio frequently discover things about Albus Dumbledore and Hogwarts by talking with Hagrid, as he has a habit of letting slip bits of information that were specifically confided to him. He was also one of the first characters to imply that the idea of thinking of wizards as "pure-bloods" and "half-bloods" is a dated concept.

Rowling has stated in an interview that Hagrid was in Gryffindor house during his time as a student.[5] When he comes into possession of an acromantula, he is expelled from Hogwarts as his pet is believed to be the "monster of Slytherin". However, persuaded by Dumbledore (who at the time was Transfiguration teacher), Headmaster Armando Dippet agrees to train Hagrid as gamekeeper, allowing the boy to remain at Hogwarts. By the time Harry attends Hogwarts, Hagrid is also the Keeper of Keys and Grounds: the former, according to Rowling, means "that he will let you in and out of Hogwarts."[6] Part of his job includes leading the first years across the lake in boats, upon their initial arrival at Hogwarts.

When discussing the killing off of characters in her books, Rowling said that she always knew she was "working towards the point where Hagrid carried Harry out alive – but supposedly dead – out of the forest". She said she had planned from very early on that Harry would walk to his death accompanied by the 'ghosts', and that "he would emerge in Hagrid's arms". In her own words, "that's what always kept Hagrid safe". She said "Hagrid would have been a natural to kill in some ways", but that the mental image of this moment – a big fatherly Hagrid carrying the limp Harry in his arms – was so strong it decided his fate. She also liked the circular notion of Hagrid both bringing Harry into the world, and then bringing him back from the dead.[7]

Appearances

Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone

Hagrid is introduced in the opening chapter of the first novel. Following the death of James and Lily Potter, Dumbledore entrusts Hagrid with rescuing the infant Harry from his parents' house after they have been murdered by Lord Voldemort. When Minerva McGonagall expresses her concern about the fact that it was Hagrid who would carry Harry to the Dursleys', Dumbledore says that he would trust Hagrid with his life, a fact that is demonstrated several times during the series, as Dumbledore frequently asks him to carry out secret tasks. Ten years later, he is tasked to bring the Philosopher’s Stone from Gringotts to Hogwarts, and provides the three-headed dog Fluffy to guard it. Dumbledore also gives him the task of locating Harry, helping him to find his bearings in the wizarding world and to buy his school things. Hagrid is the first member of the Hogwarts staff to be introduced to Harry before he began attending the school. Hagrid later becomes friends with Ron and Hermione as well. Later in the book, a hooded person (Quirinus Quirrell in disguise) gives him a dragon egg to elicit details about Fluffy. Hagrid lets slip to Harry, Ron, and Hermione that the way to get past Fluffy is to play music, for which they use the flute Hagrid himself carved for Harry, which allows them to pursue the potential thief. The three also assist Hagrid after the dragon egg hatches, by helping to remove the baby dragon Norbert, who is taken to live in a dragon sanctuary in Romania where Ron’s older brother, Charlie Weasley, works.

Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets

Readers first discover why Hagrid was expelled from Hogwarts in the second novel. It is revealed that Hagrid was a student at Hogwarts at the same time as Tom Marvolo Riddle, the wizard who later became Lord Voldemort. Hagrid was expelled during his third year, after being caught in the company of Aragog, a dangerous acromantula: this already serious crime seemed worse than it was, due to the belief that the acromantula was “The Monster of Slytherin”, and that Hagrid had released it from the Chamber of Secrets and allowed it to attack students. Aragog escapes into the dark forest and starts a colony of spiders. The belief of Hagrid's guilt was encouraged by Tom Riddle, the actual criminal, who had been using the true monster (a basilisk) to attack students, and who had framed Hagrid to prevent the school from being closed, because he didn't want to return to the orphanage whence he had come. During the events of the second book, the Basilisk is unleashed once again and Hagrid is sent to the prison of Azkaban, as he is believed again to be responsible for the attacks. However, before being arrested, Hagrid tells Harry and Ron to "follow the spiders", so that they can meet Aragog and discover the identity of the true monster. After Harry defeats the Basilisk in the Chamber of Secrets and uncovers the truth, Hagrid is freed from prison.

Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban

Hagrid becomes the Care of Magical Creatures professor at Hogwarts in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (1999). He was cleared of wrongdoing after the events of the previous novel, and is now allowed to perform magic. During his first class, he introduces Buckbeak and other hippogriffs to the students. After Draco Malfoy provokes Buckbeak, the hippogriff attacks him. As a result, the Ministry of Magic sentences Buckbeak to death. Near the end of the book, Hermione and Harry use a Time-Turner to save Buckbeak from execution.

Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire

In Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2000), it is revealed that Hagrid is a half-giant. His mother was the giantess Fridwulfa, and his father was a human wizard. Hagrid’s parentage is exposed in the Daily Prophet by Rita Skeeter, who portrays Hagrid as dangerous and incompetent. Hagrid is deeply affected by this and attempts to resign from his position, but Dumbledore does not accept his resignation. During the course of the novel, Hagrid develops a romantic interest in Olympe Maxime, the towering headmistress of the French wizarding school Beauxbatons.

Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix

Hagrid is absent during the first part of the fifth novel. The character later reveals to Harry, Ron and Hermione that he and Madame Maxime travelled across Europe together on a mission from the Order, planning to find giants and convince them to ally themselves with the good side and with Dumbledore; however, Death Eaters also found the giants and managed to get them to Voldemort’s side. Hagrid is attacked by giants during the mission, and saved by Maxime. Hagrid and Maxime eventually part on the journey home because of Maxime’s exasperation with Grawp, Hagrid’s half-brother whom he had found and was attempting to bring home with them. Grawp, who wanted to stay with the giants, seriously injured Hagrid. Hagrid introduces his half-brother to Harry and Hermione, and asks them to take care of him after he leaves Hogwarts. High Inquisitor of Hogwarts Dolores Umbridge supervises the classes of all the members of the Hogwarts staff, including Hagrid's, and she looks for an excuse to fire him, as Hagrid is close to Dumbledore and part giant, Umbridge being highly prejudiced against non-humans. Towards the end of the book, Umbridge and other Ministry officials attempt to arrest Hagrid. The latter manages to escape, but Professor McGonagall is injured whilst trying to defend him. Finally, with Dumbledore’s post as Headmaster restored, Hagrid returns to Hogwarts.

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

In the sixth novel, Harry, Ron, and Hermione are no longer students of Care of Magical Creatures, and Hagrid is both angry and disappointed with them during the first part of the book, but he soon realises that it is not because they do not like him. Later in the novel, Aragog dies, and Hagrid risks his life to recover the Acromantula's body to give it a proper funeral. After the funeral, he and Horace Slughorn drink excessive amounts of Firewhisky, and Harry takes advantage of this situation (under the influence of Felix Felicis potion, otherwise known as "liquid luck") to retrieve a certain memory from Slughorn. Towards the end of the book, Death Eaters attack Hogwarts and Hagrid's hut is set on fire as he tries to fight them. During Dumbledore’s funeral, Hagrid is seen carrying the Headmaster’s body.

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows

In the seventh novel, Hagrid is part of the Order of the Phoenix delegation assigned to remove Harry from the Dursleys' home to the magic-protected Burrow. Hagrid takes Harry on the flying motorcycle he inherited from Sirius but the plan goes awry when the Order delegation is ambushed by Death Eaters. The pair narrowly make it to the Burrow after being attacked by Voldemort himself. After attending Bill Weasley and Fleur Delacour's wedding reception, Hagrid does not appear again until near the end of the book when it is revealed he has been driven into hiding in the mountains by the new Death Eater regime at Hogwarts.

During the climactic battle, Hagrid attempts to come to the defence of Aragog's carnivorous children, who have been driven out of the Forbidden Forest by the Death Eaters and are now attacking both Hogwarts defenders and Death Eaters indiscriminately, but he is carried off by a swarm of them. He later turns up, captive in the Death Eaters' camp, when Harry sacrifices himself to Voldemort. Hagrid is forced to carry Harry back to the school, not realising that Harry has survived again, and en route accuses the watching Centaurs of not doing enough to help. The Centaurs soon afterward join the fray and Hagrid takes part in the second half of the battle, felling his main nemesis among the Death Eaters, the magical-creature executioner Walden Macnair.

According to Rowling, the scene in the final book in which Hagrid is seen carrying Harry’s apparently dead body is very significant as "Hagrid brings Harry from the Dursleys. He takes him into the wizarding world ... He was sort of his guardian and his guide ... And now I wanted Hagrid to be the one to lead Harry out of the forest."[8] Rowling also commented that Hagrid was never in danger of dying, as she "always had that picture in my head of the huge gigantic Hagrid walking through the forest crying with Harry in his arms".[9]

Epilogue

Nineteen years after Voldemort’s defeat, Hagrid is still at Hogwarts and invites Harry and Ginny Weasley's second son Albus Severus Potter to his hut for tea, just as he had once done for Harry himself, implying that he and Harry are still close. During an interview in 2007, when asked if Hagrid did marry, Rowling answered that Hagrid developed a relationship with a giantess but it did not work out.[10]

Film portrayal

Robbie Coltrane portrayed Hagrid in all eight films. Right: Hagrid costume at the Warner Bros. Studio Tour London

Scottish actor Robbie Coltrane has portrayed Hagrid in all of the film adaptations of the Harry Potter novels.[11] Robin Williams was interested for the role and approached Chris Columbus, the director of the first two films, about participating in the project but Columbus rejected him due to the "all-British and Irish cast" policy.[12][13] Rowling had wanted Coltrane for the role from the start,[12] responding "RobbieColtraneforHagrid" all in one quick breath when asked who was the top of her list of casting choices.[14][15] Coltrane was already a fan of the books[16] and has commented that being part of the Harry Potter franchise was "a fantastic thing".[17] Rowling discussed Hagrid's past and future with Coltrane, assisting him in preparing for the role.[16][18] She also stated that "Robbie is just perfect for Hagrid because Hagrid is a very loveable character, quite likeable, quite comic [...] but he had to have – you really do have to sense – a certain toughness underneath [...] and I think Robbie does that perfectly."[15]

Former English rugby union player Martin Bayfield portrayed Hagrid as a stunt performer in longer shots due to his large size to emphasise Hagrid’s height. Bayfield also appeared as a young Hagrid in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets.

English actor Greg Draven portrayed Hagrid as an acting double in rollercoaster Hagrid's Magical Creatures Motorbike Adventure pre-show. Draven's performance was required due to Coltrane's poor health at the time of filming.[19][20]

Characterisation

Outward appearance

In Philosopher’s Stone, Hagrid is described as being twice as tall as the average man and nearly five times as wide (later novels call him three times as wide). In the film version of Philosopher’s Stone, his height is 8 feet 6 inches (2.59 metres).

Personality

Hagrid has a friendly, softhearted personality and is easily driven to tears. He is very loyal to his peers, especially Dumbledore, to whom he refers as the greatest wizard in the world multiple times. As first seen in Philosopher’s Stone, he becomes extremely angry whenever anyone insults Dumbledore around him (a mistake made by Vernon Dursley, who called Dumbledore a "crackpot old fool"). He is also very loyal to Harry, suffered several times during the series because of this loyalty, and had to go into hiding twice to avoid prison. Rowling says of Hagrid, "Hagrid was always supposed to be this almost elemental force. He’s like the king of the forest, or the Green Man. He’s this semi-wild person who lives on the edge of the forest".[21]

Magical abilities and skills

Following his expulsion from Hogwarts, the Ministry of Magic broke Hagrid’s oak wand and forbade him to perform magic.[22] Hagrid keeps the pieces of his wand in a pink umbrella, and performs small spells from time to time; however, he was technically forbidden to do magic until the third book, and since he is not a fully qualified wizard, he "will always be a bit inept" as compared to other adult wizards,[citation needed] but "occasionally surprises everyone, himself included, by bringing off more impressive bits of magic".[23] However, he is unable to produce a Patronus.[24] He also has magical abilities that stem from his giant blood. For example, in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, many of the stunning spells thrown at him by Ministry officials simply bounce off him. Also, being half-giant gives Hagrid some level of superhuman strength, which allowed him to bend the barrel of a shotgun with one hand.

Being a half-giant, he is less vulnerable to jinxes and spells than full-humans. In Order of the Phoenix, when Umbridge and some other wizards come to remove him from Hogwarts he fights back. They try to jinx and stun him, but the spells just bounce off him because of giant-inherited resistance to magic. Hagrid also shows this resilience at the end of Half-Blood Prince, during the chapter Flight of the Prince, withstanding a Death Eater’s powerful curses. Some potions are also ineffective with him, such as Polyjuice Potion, which is designed for human-only use.[25]

Family

Grawp

Grawp is the giant half-brother of Hagrid.[26] They have the same mother, the giantess Fridwulfa. Grawp is roughly 16 feet (4.9 m) tall, which Hagrid claims is small for a giant. The other giants were bullying Grawp because of his diminutive size, and this is a factor in Hagrid’s decision to bring him to the Forbidden Forest. He only knows a few words in English and his manners are wild and unpredictable, but he is also a child in giant years.

In the film adaptation of the fifth book Grawp is computer-generated using a new "soul capturing" process from Image Metrics.[27] Andrew Whitehead spent 18 months working on the giant Grawp for the film.[28] Grawp is voiced and motion-captured by Tony Maudsley.

Parents

In the Goblet of Fire, the truth about Hagrid’s parents is revealed: his father, who is never named in the stories, married a giantess, Fridwulfa. Fridwulfa left Rubeus to his father’s care after his birth; according to Hagrid, she was not very maternal. Later she gave birth to Grawp. She died long before Hagrid returned to the giants in the Order of the Phoenix. Hagrid describes his father as "a tiny little man" whom he could pick up with one hand and place on the dresser at the age of six. Hagrid clearly felt great affection for him; in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, he says that his father’s death when Hagrid was in third year at Hogwarts was one of his saddest memories.

Hagrid's pets

Hagrid keeps and has kept a variety of pets, including some which the Wizarding community considers impossible to domesticate. Rowling has said that Hagrid has little interest in tamer magical creatures because of the lack of a challenge.[citation needed]

Aragog

Aragog is an Acromantula—an enormous spider capable of speech. Hagrid raised him from birth as a Hogwarts student. After Hagrid's expulsion and assignment as gamekeeper, Aragog lived in the Forbidden Forest. He died of old age in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. Aragog is voiced by Julian Glover in the film adaptation of Chamber of Secrets.

Buckbeak

Buckbeak the hippogriff is introduced during one of Hagrid’s Care of Magical Creatures classes. Hagrid explains that hippogriffs are very calm, powerful, proud creatures, but are sensitive and demand respect. Harry successfully approaches Buckbeak, who allows him to ride him around the paddock.

Fang

Fang is a large boarhound, portrayed in the films by a Neapolitan Mastiff.

Fluffy

Fluffy, the three-headed dog

Fluffy is a giant three-headed dog provided by Hagrid to guard the trapdoor leading to the underground chamber where the Philosopher's Stone was hidden until the end of Philosopher's Stone. The only known way to get past Fluffy is to lull him to sleep by playing music. Fluffy is based on Cerberus, the three-headed dog from Greek mythology that guards the gates to the underworld. As with Fluffy, Cerberus was lulled to sleep with music by Orpheus.

In Philosopher's Stone, Harry, Ron, Hermione and Neville accidentally run into Fluffy whilst hiding from Peeves, who was attempting to give them away to caretaker Argus Filch, who was searching for them. On Halloween, Harry and Ron witness Snape entering the door to Fluffy's chamber, and for the next few days having a pronounced limp. Harry also overhears him saying "How are you meant to keep your eyes on all three heads at once?" to Filch. However, it is later revealed that he followed then Hogwarts Defence Against the Dark Arts professor Quirinus Quirrell into the chamber. While Fluffy is guarding the Philosopher's Stone, Professor Quirrell penetrates Fluffy's defences by playing a harp, in order to access the trapdoor, while Harry uses a flute that Hagrid had given to him.

J. K. Rowling later revealed that Dumbledore had repatriated Fluffy to Greece.[29]

Norbert

Egg containing Norbert in Hagrid's hut at the Harry Potter Exhibition in Paris

Norbert is a Norwegian Ridgeback dragon that Hagrid had acquired as an egg from a mysterious, hooded stranger in the Hog's Head, who turned out to be Professor Quirrell. Hagrid helps the dragon hatch from the egg. Norbert becomes very dangerous and much bigger in the weeks following. Norbert bit Ron’s hand, causing him to require medical treatment due to the venom in her fangs. Harry, Ron, and Hermione finally persuade Hagrid to send the dragon to Ron’s older brother Charlie, who is studying dragons in Romania. In the Deathly Hallows, Charlie reveals to Hagrid that "Norbert" is actually female and had been renamed Norberta. Charlie adds that female Norwegian Ridgeback dragons "are more vicious" than males, which explained Norbert's biting and dangerous behaviour as a baby.

Hagrid has appeared in various animated and non-animated parodies of Harry Potter. He was twice featured in the American sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live, portrayed by Horatio Sanz and Bobby Moynihan.[30] In Alistair McGowan's Big Impression show, Hagrid appeared in a sketch called "Louis Potter and the Philosopher’s Scone", in which he was portrayed by Robbie Coltrane himself.[31] Hagrid is also parodied in Harry Potter and the Secret Chamberpot of Azerbaijan, a story released by Comic Relief in 2003, and he was played by Ronnie Corbett.[32][33] In the Potter Puppet Pals parodies by Neil Cicierega, Hagrid appeared in the episode "Ron's Disease",[34] and later in the episode "Neville's Birthday".[35] Hagrid also appears in the parody stage production Harry Potter and the Obnoxious Voice, interacting with Draco Malfoy and a dementor.[36]

Hagrid makes an appearance in the theme park attraction Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey at The Wizarding World of Harry Potter in Orlando, Japan and Hollywood. A new rollercoaster, Hagrid's Magical Creatures Motorbike Adventure, opened at Universal Orlando's Islands of Adventure theme park on 13 June 2019, replacing the Dragon Challenge dual roller coasters and is themed around Hagrid and his love for magical creatures.

Notes

  1. ^ Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002)
  2. ^ Harry Potter film series
  3. ^ Chamber of Secrets (teenager)

References

  1. ^ "What Jo says about...Rubeus Hagrid". Accop Quote. pp. 37–38. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  2. ^ "November | 2012 | The Pensieve". sites.psu.edu. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  3. ^ Rowling, J.K. "Colours". Pottermore. Wizarding World. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
  4. ^ Goring, Rosemary (17 January 1999). "Harry's Fame". Scotland on Sunday. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  5. ^ "Rubeus Hagrid - 10 Things You May NOT Know | Wizarding World". www.wizardingworld.com. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  6. ^ Anelli, Melissa; Spartz, Emerson (16 July 2005). "The Leaky Cauldron and MuggleNet interview Joanne Kathleen Rowling: Part Three". The Leaky Cauldron. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  7. ^ HarryPotterAdmirer (2011). A Conversation with J.K.Rowling and Daniel Radcliffe (YouTube). Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. Archived from the original on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  8. ^ Brown, Jen (30 July 2007). "Rowling: 'I wanted to kill parents'". Today.com. MSNBC. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  9. ^ SueTLC (18 November 2007). "New Interview with J.K. Rowling for Release of Dutch Edition of 'Deathly Hallows'". The Leaky Cauldron. Retrieved 19 November 2007.
  10. ^ Weingarten, Tara (15 October 2007). "Rowling Says Dumbledore Is Gay". Newsweek. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
  11. ^ "Casting Is Complete on Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince" (Press release). Warner Bros. PR Newswire. 16 November 2007. Retrieved 16 November 2007.
  12. ^ a b Bradley, Bill (31 December 2016). "The Hilarious Reason Daniel Radcliffe Was Cast As Harry Potter". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
  13. ^ "Robin Williams turned down for Potter". The Guardian. Media Limited. 15 November 2001. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
  14. ^ Stacy (17 July 2007). "Movie Trivia: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone". Neatorama. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
  15. ^ a b Alderson, Andrew (4 November 2001). "'They really do look as I'd imagined they would inside my head'". Telegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
  16. ^ a b Jensen, Jeff; Fierman, Daniel (14 September 2001). "Inside Harry Potter – It May Be a Movie about a Tyro Wizard and His Magical Adventures, but Bringing Harry Potter to the Big Screen Took Real Muggle Might, No Hocus-Pocus about It". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
  17. ^ Wylie, Ian (24 September 2006). "Harry Potter and the Personal Demons". Manchester Evening News. Archived from the original on 29 August 2009.
  18. ^ Rowling, J. K. (2 November 2001). "JK Rowling interview in full". Newsround (Interview). Interviewed by Mzimba, Lizo. CBBC. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
  19. ^ O'Shea, Lucy (24 March 2020). "Geminio: Greg Draven on Being Hagrid's Body Double". MuggleNet. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  20. ^ Michelle Marshall, "Robbie Coltrane: Harry Potter star ‘confined to wheelchair’ amid osteoarthritis battle", The Express
  21. ^ "J.K.Rowling Video Clip Features More on Hagrid and Robbie Coltrane". The-Leaky-Cauldron.org. 25 September 2006. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  22. ^ Rowling, JK. "Section: Extra Stuff". jkrowling.com. Archived from the original on 23 June 2011.
  23. ^ "J.K. Rowling's World Book Day Chat: March 4, 2004". The Leaky Cauldron. Archived from the original on 13 March 2004.
  24. ^ O'Connor, Roisin (27 August 2015). "JK Rowling reveals Harry Potter character Hagrid could not produce Patronus". The Independent. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  25. ^ Rowling, J. K. (2007). Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 1-55192-976-7., chapter 5
  26. ^ Dickerson, Darby (28 February 2008). "Professor Dumbledore's Advice for Law Deans". University of Toledo Law Review. 39 (1): 269–296. SSRN 1088056.
  27. ^ Waxman, Sharon (15 October 2006). "Cyberface: New Technology That Captures the Soul". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  28. ^ Tucker, H. (5 September 2007). "At the movies". ITNOW. 49 (5). British Computer Society: 8–9. doi:10.1093/itnow/bwm023.
  29. ^ Denham, Jess (6 February 2015). "What happened to Fluffy? JK Rowling answers three very important Harry Potter questions". The Independent. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  30. ^ Kelly, Joe. "Hogwart's Academy". Saturday Night Live Transcripts. Retrieved 27 July 2007.
  31. ^ "BBC One press release" (PDF). BBC One. 2001. Retrieved 20 May 2007.
  32. ^ "Harry Potter and the Secret Chamberpot of Azerbaijan". tv.com. 14 March 2003. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 8 July 2007.
  33. ^ "Harry Potter and the Secret Chamberpot of Azerbaijan". French and Saunders. Comic Relief. Retrieved 8 July 2007.
  34. ^ "Ron's Disease". Potter Puppet Pals. Archived from the original on 24 September 2017.
  35. ^ "Neville's Birthday". YouTube. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021.
  36. ^ Jaquish, Jeannette. "Harry Potter and the Obnoxious Voice". Angelfire.

Further reading